Bài tập Danh động từ và Động từ nguyên thể có đáp án
I. Lý thuyết cách làm Danh động từ và Động từ nguyên thể
A. Danh động từ (Gerunds)
Là những từ được sử dụng như danh từ nhưng lại có dạng V-ing, ví dụ: going, skating, cooking …
Các em cần phân biệt danh động từ với phân từ hiện tại (present participle) vì chúng cùng có dạng V-ing nhưng chức năng thì khác nhau.
Phân từ hiện tại được sử dụng như là 1 động từ hoặc 1 tính từ.
Ví dụ:
You are talking too much. (Anh đang nói quá nhiều đấy.) -> hiện tại phân từ
Còn danh động từ có các cách dùng như sau:
1. Làm chủ ngữ
Ví dụ:
Talking too much is one of his weeknesses.
(Nói quá nhiều là 1 trong những nhược điểm của anh ấy.)
2. Làm bổ ngữ (đứng sau động từ to be)
Ví dụ:
My favorite activity is gardening.
(Hoạt động yêu thích của mình là làm vườn.)
3. Làm tân ngữ sau 1 số động từ
admit, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, go, can’t help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off, risk, can’t stand, suggest, understand
Ví dụ:
I go swimming every Sunday.
(Tôi đi bơi mỗi ngày Chủ Nhật.)
I don’t mind working late.
(Tôi không ngại làm việc muộn.)
4. Dùng sau giới từ
Ví dụ:
She’s really good at giving advice.
(Cô ấy thực sự giỏi trong việc đưa ra lời khuyên.)
5. Dùng trước danh từ, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ ấy theo kiểu phân loại
Ví dụ:
sleeping bag (= bag for sleeping -> túi ngủ)
waiting room (= room for waiting -> phòng chờ)
6. Dùng trong 1 số cấu trúc
– spend time/money + V-ing
Ví dụ:
He spends an hour each day exercising.
(Anh ấy dành mỗi ngày 1 tiếng đồng hồ để tập thể dục.)
– I’m busy + V-ing
Ví dụ:
I’m busy studying for the test.
(Tôi đang bận học để chuẩn bị cho bài kiểm tra.)
– It’s no use + V-ing
Ví dụ:
It’s no use complaining.
(Phàn nàn cũng chẳng ích gì.)
– It’s (not) worth + V-ing
Ví dụ:
It’s worth reading.
(Nó đáng để đọc.)
– There’s no point in + V-ing
Ví dụ:
There’s no point in arguing. (Tranh cãi cũng chẳng ích gì.)
– be/get used to + V-ing
Ví dụ:
He is used to living alone.
(Anh ta quen sống 1 mình rồi.)
– be/get accustomed to + V-ing
Ví dụ:
He got accustomed to working at night. (Anh ta đã quen với việc làm việc vào ban đêm.)
– have difficulty in + V-ing
Ví dụ:
Do you have any difficulty in using that machine?
(Bạn có khó khăn gì trong việc sử dụng chiếc máy đó không?)
B. Động từ nguyên thể (Infinitives)
Động từ nguyên thể là những động từ ở dạng thức cơ bản nhất. Nó ám chỉ đến những sự việc hay hành động 1 cách chung chung thay vì nêu lên thời gian thực hiện các hành động đó.
Trong tiếng Anh có 2 loại động từ nguyên thể, đó là động từ nguyên thể có “to” (to infinitives) và động từ nguyên thể không có “to” (bare infinitives).1. Động từ nguyên thể có “to” (To V)
Được dùng trong những trường hợp sau:
a. Làm chủ ngữ
Ví dụ:
To sit in a quiet place makes her feel relaxed.
(Ngồi ở 1 nơi yên tĩnh khiến cô ấy thấy thư giãn.)
b. Làm bổ ngữ (đứng sau động từ to be)
Ví dụ:
The most important thing now is to find the truth. (Điều quan trọng nhất bây giờ là tìm ra sự thật.)
c. Chỉ mục đích
Ví dụ:
They came early to have good seats.
(Họ đến sớm để có chỗ ngồi tốt.)
d. Sau 1 số động từ
- Động từ nguyên thể có “to” đi trực tiếp sau những động từ dưới đây:
afford, appear, arrange, ask, can’t bear, begin, dare, decide, expect, fail, forget, happen, hate, help, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, offer, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, seem, start, try, want, wish
Ví dụ:
We can’t afford to buy that house. (Chúng tôi không có khả năng mua ngôi nhà đó.)
She failed to get the scholarship. (Cô ấy đã không dành được học bổng.)
- Động từ nguyên thể có “to” có thể đi sau 1 số động từ và tân ngữ của chúng. Đó là các động từ:
advise, allow, ask, can’t bear, cause, encourage, expect, get, hate, help, invite, like, mean, need, order, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, want, warn, wish
Ví dụ:
My parents allow me to stay out late. (Bố mẹ tôi cho phép tôi đi chơi về muộn.)Her husband persuaded her to take part in the contest. (Chồng cô ấy đã thuyết phục cô ấy tham gia cuộc thi đó.)
e. Sau 1 số tính từ
- Các tính từ miêu tả tâm trạng, cảm xúc:
angry, anxious, annoyed, delighted, determined, eager, glad, grateful, happy, please, reluctant, surprised …
Ví dụ:
I’m happy to live with them. (Tôi thấy hạnh phúc khi sống với họ.)
- Các tính từ miêu tả tính chất của hành động:
easy, difficult, hard, important, essential, necessary, good, nice, great, interesting, boring …
Ví dụ:
It’s hard to remember all items in the list. (Khó có thể nhớ được tất cả những thứ có trong danh sách.)
- Trong cấu trúc “too + adj” hoặc “adj + enough”
Ví dụ:
That boy is too small to live alone. (Cậu bé đó còn quá nhỏ để có thể sống 1 mình.)
He’s not mature enough to live alone. (Cậu ấy chưa đủ trưởng thành để có thể sống 1 mình.)
f. Sau 1 số danh từ
- Đó là các danh từ mà có dạng động từ hoặc tính từ tương ứng kết hợp được với động từ nguyên thể.
Ví dụ:
I told my parents about my decision to get married. (Tôi đã nói với bố mẹ về quyết định kết hôn của tôi.)
- Dùng sau các từ chỉ thứ tự “the first/second …”
Ví dụ:
She was the first student in our school to have chance to study abroad. (Cô bé là học sinh đầu tiên trong trường chúng tôi có cơ hội đi du học.)
g. Trong 1 số cấu trúc
– have + time/ chance/ an opportunity + to V-ing
Ví dụ:
I didn’t have an opportunity to explain what happened. (Tôi không có lấy 1 cơ hội để giải thích những gì đã xảy ra.)
– It’s + a good idea/ a mistake + to V
Ví dụ:
It’s a good idea to reuse those bottles. (Tái sử dụng những chai lọ đó là 1 ý kiến hay.)
– try one’s best + to V
Ví dụ:
He tried his best to overcome his fear. (Cậu ấy đã cố gắng hết sức để vượt qua nỗi sợ hãi của chính mình.)
– It’s time (for sb) + to V
Ví dụ:
It’s time to take a bath, my dear. (Đến lúc đi tắm rồi đó, con yêu.)
2. Động từ nguyên thể không có to (V)
Được dùng trong những trường hợp sau:
a. Sau động từ khuyết thiếu
Ví dụ:
You must hurry up. (Anh phải nhanh lên.)
b. Trong câu mệnh lệnh
Ví dụ:
Close the window, please. (Làm ơn hãy đóng cửa lại.)
c. Dùng sau các động từ “let, make, hear” và tân ngữ của chúng
Ví dụ:
She lets her children wear what they like. (Cô ấy cho phép những đứa con của cô ấy mặc những thứ chúng thích.)
d. Dùng sau các động từ chỉ sự tri nhận như “see, hear …” và tân ngữ của chúng để diễn tả ai đó chứng kiến toàn bộ hành động gì xảy ra
Ví dụ:
I saw them break into his house. (Tôi đã nhìn thấy họ đột nhập vào nhà của anh ấy.)
II. Bài tập Danh động từ và Động từ nguyên thể
Exercise 1
1. I enjoy_______ alone.
a. be
b. being
c. to be
d. to have been
2. Would you like_______ to the party?
a. to come
b. come
c. coming
d. to have come
3. Do you mind_______ such a long way to work everyday?
a. to travel
b. travel
c. to have traveled
d. traveling
4. I don’t like that house. I would hate_______ there.
a. live
b. living
c. to live
d. to have lived
5. Sometimes I’d like_______ to play the piano.
a. to learn
b. learn
c. learning
d. to have learned
6. Please remember_______ this letter.
a. to post
b. post
c. posting
d. to have posted
7. We tried_______ the fire out but we were unsuccessful. We had to call the fire-brigade.
a. putting
b. put
c. to put
d. to have put
8. When you see John, remember_______ it by the window and now it has gone.
a. to have given
b. giving
c. give
d. to give
9. Someone must have taken my bad. I clearly remember_______ it by the window and now it has gone.
a. leave
b. leaving
c. to leave
d. to have left
10. Jane needed some money. She tried_______ Harry but he couldn’t help her.
a. to have asked
b. ask
c. to ask
d. asking
11. I think they are now accustomed to _______ 12 hours a day.
a. work
b. to work
c. worked
d. working
12. He tried_______ the shelf but he wasn’t tall enough.
a. reach
b. reaching
c. to reach
d. to have reached
13. Alice didn’t expect_______ to Bill’s party.
a. asking
b. being asked
c. to ask
d. to be asked
14. I finally finished_______ at 7:00 pm and served dinner.
a. cooking
b. being cooked
c. to cook
d. to be cooked
15. Sam always remembers_______ in the garage so that the driveway in free for other cars.
a. parking
b. being parked
c. to park
d. to be parked
16. The nurse suggested_______ two aspirins.
a. taking
b. being taken
c. to take
d. to be taken
17. Would you mind not_______ the radio until I’ve finished with this phone call?
a. turning on
b. being turned on
c. to turn on
d. to be turned on
18. They were fortunate_______ from the fire before the building collapsed.
a. rescuing
b. to have rescued
c. to rescue
d. to have been rescued
19. The mouse family avoided_______ by coming out only when the house was empty and the two cats were outside.
a. catching
b. being caught
c. to have been caught
d. to be caught
Đáp án:
1b
2a
3d
4c
5a
6a
7c
8d
9b
10d
11d
12d
13d
14c
15a
16a
17a
18d
19b
Exercise 2.
1. It’s very kind of you_______ so.
a. say
b. to say
c. saying
d. to be saying
2. Please show me how_______ this.
a. do
b. to do
c. doing
d. to have done
3. One is never too old_______
a. learning
b. learn
c. to have learned
d. to learn
4. You are old enough_______ out alone.
a. going
b. go
c. to go
d. to have gone
5. I’m very glad_______ you.
a. to meet
b. meet
c. meeting
d. to be meeting
6. It’s nice_______ you.
a. to know
b. know
c. knowing
d. to be knowing
7. You have no right_______ my daughter.
a. see
b. to see
c. seeing
d. to have seen
8. Please tell me what_______
a. doing
b. do
c. to do
d. to have done
9. I forbid you _______ my letter.
a. to read
b. read
c. to have read
d. reading
10. We stopped_______ hello to her.
a. say
b. saying
b. to have said
d. to say
11. We came_______ help her.
a. help
b. to help
c. to have helped
d. helping
12. I’ll invite her_______ my daughter.
a. teaching
b. teach
c. to teach
d. to have taught
13. I don’t feel like_______ to the cinema now.
a. go
b. going
c. to go
d. to have gone
14. It’s no good_______ video games.
a. play
b. to have played
c. to play
d. playing
15. It’s no use_______ with him.
a. working
b. work
c. to work
d. to have worked
16. The idea of_______ abroad appeals to me.
a. working
b. work
c. to work
d. being working
17. The Rogers are happy about_______ a baby.
a. have
b. having
c. to have
d. to be having
18. Camping is hard if you’re not used to _______ on the ground.
a. be slept
b. to be sleeping
c. sleeping
d. sleeping
19. Mrs. Kerry didn’t want_______ on
a. to be operated
b. being operated
c. to operate
d. to be operating
20. Windows are used to let in light and _______ out cold.
a. to keep
b. keep
c. keeping
d. for keeping
Đáp án:
1b
2b
3d
4c
5a
6a
7b
8c
9a
10d
11b
12c
13b
14d
15a
16a
17b
18d
19a
20b
Exercise 3.
1. It isn’t worth while_______ her.
a. marry
b. to marry
c. marrying
d. to have married
2. She did nothing but_______
a. cry
b. to cry
c. to have cried
d. crying
3. He can’t live without_______ here.
a. being loved
b. to love
c. love
d. loving
4. People are prevented from_______ to the polluted area.
a. go
b. going
c. to go
d. to have gone
5. Tourists are not allowed _______ in the Temple.
a. to talk
b. talk
c. talking
d. being talked
6. The teacher doesn’t allow_______ dictionaries in the final examination.
a. being used
b. use
c. using
d. to use
7. Many countries have considered_______ the victims of the tsunami.
a. to have helped
b. to help
c. help
d. helping
8. The child admitted_______ a lie.
a. tell
b. telling
c. to tell
d. to be telling
9. The president agreed_______ the Agreement.
a. to sign
b. sign
c. signing
d. to have signed
10. The captain chose_______ with his ship.
a. die
b. to die
c. to have died
d. dying
11. Vietnam failed_______ Tiger Cup 2004!
a. winning
b. win
c. to win
d. to have won
12. The child promised_______ his parents.
a. being obeyed
b. obeying
c. obey
d. to obey
13. Lee was upset by_______ him the truth.
a. our not having told
b. us not tell
c. we didn’t tell
d. not to tell
14. Wee considered_______ after work.
a. to go shop
b. going shopping
c. going to shop
d. to go to shop
15. Jack offered_______ care of my garden while I was out of town.
a. take
b. taking
c. to have taken
d. to take
16. Could you please come over? I need you _______ the refrigerator.
a. help me moving
b. helping me to move
c. to help me move
d. help me to move
17. I’ll never forget_______ that race. What a thrill!
a. to win
b. win
c. being won
d. winning
18. No one has better qualifications. Carol is certain_______ for the job.
a. to choose
b. having chosen
c. to be chosen
d. being chosen
19. I was enjoying my book, but I topper_______ a program on TV.
a. reading to watch
b. to read to watch
c. to read for watching
d. reading for to watch
20. Who is the woman talking to Mr. Quinn? I don’t recall_______ her around the office before.
a. to have seen
b. seeing
c. to see
d. being seen
Đáp án:
1c
2a
3d
4b
5a
6c
7d
8b
9a
10b
11c
12d
13a
14b
15d
16c
17d
18c
19a
20b
Exercise 4.
1. He tried to avoid_______ my question.
a. answer
b. answering
c. to answer
d. to have answered
2. Paula has given up _______ to lose weight.
a. try
b. trying
c. to try
d. to have tried
3. We can’t go on_______ like this.
a. living
b. live
c. to live
d. to be living
4. Don’t keep_______ me while I’m talking.
a. interrupt
b. to interrupt
c. interrupting
d. to have interrupted
5. I can’t imagine Bill _______ a motorbike.
a. ride
b. riding
c. to ride
d. to be riding
6. Sorry to keep you_______ so long.
a. waiting
b. wait
c. to wait
d. to have waited
7. She now regrets_______ it.
a. say
b. having said
d. to say
d. to have said
8. We decided_______ at home.
a. to stay
b. stay
c. staying
d. having stayed
9. Frank tends_______ too much.
a. to have drunk
b. drinking
c. drink
d. to drink
10. He doesn’t want_______
a. to know
b. know
c. knowing
d. to be knowing
11. I don’t advise anybody_______ in that hotel.
a. stay
b. to stay
c. staying
d. to have stayed
12. The mother made her child_______ the word
a. repeat
b. to repeat
c. repeating
d. to be repeating
13. My parents don’t let me_______ out alone.
a. go
b. to go
c. going
d. to be going
14. I’m afraid I have some homework_______ today.
a. do
b. to do
c. going
d. done
15. Have the movers_______ the bedroom furniture first.
a. brought in
b. to bring in
c. bring in
d. bringing in
16. Do you know what_______ so many people evacuate their homes?
a. forced
b. made
c. caused
d. convinced
17. Where are the children? “I saw_______ in the yeard”.
a. them to play
b. them playing
c. they playing
d. to them playing
18. You’re been taking a lot of nice photographs.
a. becoming
b. about become
c. to become
d. about becoming
19. Jane’s summer vacation in England led to_______ an English man.
a. her marry
b. her to marry
c. her being married
d. her marrying
20. We would like_______ to the president’s reception, but we weren’t
a. having invited
b. having been invited
c. to have invited
d. to have been invited
Đáp án:
1b
2b
3a
4c
5b
6a
7b
8a
9d
10a
11b
12a
13a
14b
15c
16b
17b
18a
19d
20d
Exercise 5.
1. I can’t go because I haven’t got anything_______
a. wear
b. to wear
c. wearing
d. worn
2. I have nothing_______ you to day.
a. tell
b. to tell
c. telling
d. told
3. Would you like something_______?
a. drink
b. to drink
c. drinking
d. drunk
4. Is there any place_______ tonight?
a. stayed
b. staying
c. to stay
d. stay
5. Have you got any books_______?
a. sell
b. selling
c. sold
d. to sell
6. I often avoid_______ to parties.
a. go
b. to go
c. gone
d. going
7. They often suggest their_______ out with some friends.
a. going
b. gone
c. go
d. to go
8. Please pardon my_______ you.
a. disturb
b. disturbing
c. to disturb
d. disturbed
9. I cannot remember_______ him last week.
a. meet
b. meeting
c. to meet
d. met
10. Susan is interested in _______ a bus.
a. drive
b. driving
c. to drive
d. driven
11. What about_______ for a walk?
a. going
b. gone
c. go
d. to go
12. Have you planned on _______ to Nha Trang this summer?
a. go
b. to go
c. going
d. gone
13. I suggest _______ to the cinema for a change.
a. go
b. to go
c. went
d. going
14. Do you consider_______ our teacher on Friday?
a. inviting
b. invited
c. invited
d. to invite
15. Would you mind_______ me a hand?
a. to give
b. giving
c. give
d. given
16. The baby continued_______ even after she was picked up.
a. being crying
b. having cried
c. to cry
d. having been crying
17. Arthur pretended not_______ hurt when his younger sister bit him.
a. having
b. be
c. to have
d. to have been
18. We were shocked to hear the news of your_______
a. having fired
b. having been fired
c. to be fired
d. to have been fired
19. Do you have an excuse_______ late to class two days in a row?
a. for to be
b. for being
c. to be
d. being
20. Jack made me_______ him next week.
a. to promise to call
b. to promise calling
c. promise to call
d. promise calling
Đáp án:
1b
2b
3b
4c
5d
6d
7a
8c
9b
10b
11a
12c
13d
14a
15b
16c
17d
18b
19b
20c
Exercise 6.
1. I can’t stand_______ her cry.
a. to have seen
b. to see
c. see
d. seeing
2. Suddenly everybody stopped_______ There was silence.
a. talking
b. to talk
c. talk
d. being talked
3. I’ll go with you when I’ve finished_______ my homework.
a. to have done
b. do
c. doing
d. to do
4. _______natural resources is of great importance.
a. Preserve
b. Preserving
c. To have preserved
d. Preserved
5. We avoid_______ out environment.
a. polluting
b. to pollute
c. pollute
d polluted
6. I think they are now accustomed to _______ 12 hours a day.
a. work
b. to work
c. worked
d. working
7. “Why did Mrs. Walker call?” “She wants_______ her load some boxes into her car”..
a. that we help
b. us help
c. us helping
d. us to help
8. “How did the prisoner escape?” “By climbing a fence and_______ someone’s car”.
a. steal
b. to steal
c. from stealing
d. stealing
9. “What happened to Julie?” “We saw_______ by a bicyclist”.
a. her hit
b. hit her
c. her hitting
d. being hitting
10. “What is this letter about?” “It’s in regard_______ at a conference next week”.
a. to you speak
b. to our speaking
c. of our speaking
d. to you speaking
11. “Why are you getting new glasses?” “Because it’s difficult_______ the small print in the newspaper”.
a. to read for me
b. my reading
c. I read
d. for me to read
12. “This cabinet is beautiful. Did you make it yourself?” “No, I had_______”.
a. it built
b. built it
c. to built it
d. it build
13. “Don’t take a taxi. We insist_______ in our car.
a. you to come
b. on your coming
c. on you coming
d. for you to come
14. “You’ve been redecorating your house”, “Yes, I’m thinking_______ this room white”.
a. to paint
b. to painting
c. of paint
d. about painting
15. “What’s wrong with the teacher?” “_______to class late so much has made him mad”.
a. John comes
b. John coming
c. John’s coming
d. John to come
16. “I can’t open this jar of mayonnaise” “_______ Lee to help you”.
a. Have
b. Let
c. Ask
d. Make
17. “Did you paint our house yourself?” “No, I had some friends_______ me”
a. help
b. helped
b. to help
d. to help to
18. Photocopiers are used_______ of a written text.
a. to make copies
b. to making copies
c. make copies
d. making copies
19. “Do you like being married?” “Yes, but I’m not use_______ every night”.
a. to cook
b. to cooking
c. cooking
d. to have cooked
20. “It’s warmer in her now”. “Yes, I had Karen _______ then window.”.
a. closed
b. closing
c. to close
d. close
Đáp án:
1d
2a
3c
4b
5a
6d
7d
8d
9a
10b
11d
12a
13b
14d
15c
16c
17a
18a
19b
20d
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Bài tập Chủ ngữ giả có đáp án
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